Ukraine

National Kharkov Intitute of Physics and Technologies

Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT), being one of oldest and largest centers of physical science in Ukraine, was created in 1928 for the purpose of developing urgent lines of research (at that time - nuclear physics and solid-state physics). As soon as four years later an outstanding result was received by A.K.Val'ter, K.D.Sinel'nikov, A.I.Lejpunsky, G.D.Latyshev, namely, the nucleus of lithium atom was caused to undergo fission. Liquid hydrogen and helium were obtained for the first time in the USSR. The first school of cryogenic physics in the country was born.

The talented physicist-theorist, future Nobel prize winner, L.D.Landau, who worked at the KIPT from 1932 to 1937, formed an internationally known school of theoretical physics. The institute has pioneered high vacuum engineering in the USSR, on the basis of which subsequently a new physico-technological direction - vacuum metallurgy - was advanced.

In post-war years the KIPT was one of the active participants working on the problem of use of atomic energy in the USSR. Systematic measurements of constants of neutron and other particle interactions with fissile and structural materials have been performed. These constants have been used in developments of nuclear reactors and weapons. Later the Institute was included in thermonuclear fusion investigations. In 60-70th many unique experimental installations, namely, a number of electron and ion accelerators, including the largest USSR electron linear accelerator, a family of thermonuclear installations "Uragan", were constructed. A number of new materials, significant technological processes and installations were introduced into industry.

Now the NSC KIPT structure are:

• Solid-state Physics. Physics of radiation effects and radiation materials science. Technologies of materials.
• Plasma Physics and controlled fusion.
• Nuclear physics, physics of electromagnetic interactions, physics and engineering of electron accelerators.
• Plasma electronics and physics of high-current beams. Physics and engineering of heavy charged particle accelerators. New methods of acceleration.
• Theoretical physics.

Nearly 350 Candidates and 80 Doctors of Sciences, 8 Members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine work in NSC KIPT. More than fifty persons are the winners of State and Nominal Prizes.

Significant part of research in the NSC KIPT is executed within the framework of international agreements, on contracts with foreign organizations and companies of the USA, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Holland, Brazil, Poland, Korea, China, Japan. The Center sup-ports and develops relations with research institutes of Moscow, Sankt-Peterburg, Protvino, Novosibirsk (all - Russia), many international organizations and centers of science (IAEA, CERN, JLAB (USA), Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna), research centers of Uzbekistan and Kazachstan.

- National Kharkov Intitute of Physics and Technologies